This is a beta release of documentation for Magento 2.4, published for previewing soon-to-be-released functionality. Content in this version is subject to change. Links to the v2.4 code base may not properly resolve until the code is officially released.

You must install Elasticsearch before installing Magento Commerce or Magento Open Source 2.4.0. See Elasticsearch for details.

What is the software that the Magento server needs to run?

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The full list of software is listed in System Requirements but here are the essentials:

Web server for providing access to web pages - Currently, we have documented Apache and NGINX.
Database management system for long-term data storage and retrieval - We support MySQL.
PHP - PHP is an open source scripting language suited for web development because it can be embedded in HTML (the language of the web).

For more information, see the PHP manual or the PHP Wikipedia page.
Search engine - Elasticsearch provides a search and analytics engine to help customers find the products they want to buy.

If you use a hosting provider, they might already have installed this software. Contact them if you are not sure.